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Equine IL-2 (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 5 micrograms

RP0006E-005
$150.00
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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine produced by T-helper cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. It is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to the regulation of the immune response. IL-2 was discovered to be a member of a family of cytokines, which also includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. IL-2 signals through a receptor complex consisting of IL-2 specific IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25), IL-2 receptor beta (CD122) and a common gamma chain (γc). All members of this family use the common gamma chain as part of their signaling complex.

Alternate Names - IL2, IL-2, TCGF, lymphokine, interleukin 2​

Homology Across Species
Equus caballus (horse) IL-2 – 100%
Equus asinus (ass) IL-2 – 100%
Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse) IL-2 – 100%
More - 
https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

Equine IL-2 (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 5 micrograms
Catalog No.:
RP0006E-005
Quantity:
5 ug
Source:
The Equine IL-2 recombinant protein was produced in yeast and therefore does not have endotoxin, is naturally folded, and post-translationally modified.
MW:
The Equine IL-2 recombinant protein has a predicted molecular weight of 14.9 kDa.
Protein Sequence:
APTSSSKRET QQQLKQLQMD LKLLLEGVNN NKNPKLSKML TFKINMPKKA TELKHLQCLE EELKPLEEML KNFLSKDIKE LMSNINVTVL GLKGSETRFT CEYDDETGTI VEFLNKWITF CQSIFSTMT (129)
Country of Origin:
USA
Applications:
The Equine IL-2 endotoxin-free recombinant protein can be used in cell culture, as an IL-2 ELISA Standard, and as a Western Blot Control.

25901733

Allergen-Specific Cytokine Polarization Protects Shetland Ponies against Culicoides obsoletus-Induced Insect Bite Hypersensitivity.

Meulenbroeks C, van der Lugt JJ, van der Meide NM, Willemse T, Rutten VP, Zaiss DM.

PLoS One. 2015 Apr 22;10(4):e0122090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122090. eCollection 2015.

Applications: Stimulation of equine PBMCs with equine IL-2 in culture

Abstract

The immunological mechanisms explaining development of an allergy in some individuals and not in others remain incompletely understood. Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is a common, seasonal, IgE-mediated, pruritic skin disorder that affects considerable proportions of horses of different breeds, which is caused by bites of the insect Culicoides obsoletus (C. obsoletus). We investigated the allergen-specific immune status of individual horses that had either been diagnosed to be healthy or to suffer of IBH. Following intradermal allergen injection, skin biopsies were taken of IBH-affected and healthy ponies and cytokine expression was determined by RT-PCR. In addition, allergen-specific antibody titers were measured and cytokine expression of in vitro stimulated, allergen-specific CD4 T-cells was determined. 24 hrs after allergen injection, a significant increase in mRNA expression of the type-2 cytokine IL-4 was observed in the skin of IBH-affected Shetland ponies. In the skin of healthy ponies, however, an increase in IFNγ mRNA expression was found. Analysis of allergen-specific antibody titers revealed that all animals produced allergen-specific antibodies, and allergen-specific stimulation of CD4 T-cells revealed a significant higher percentage of IFNγ-expressing CD4 T-cells in healthy ponies compared to IBH-affected ponies. These data indicate that horses not affected by IBH, in contrast to the so far established dogma, are not immunologically ignorant but have a Th1-skewed allergen-specific immune response that appears to protect against IBH-associated symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a natural situation, in which an allergen-specific immune skewing is protective in an allergic disorder.


21208665

Subpopulations of equine blood lymphocytes expressing regulatory T cell markers.

Robbin MG, Wagner B, Noronha LE, Antczak DF, de Mestre AM.

Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011 Mar 15;140(1-2):90-101

Applications: Cell Culture Stimulation

Abstract
Several distinct T lymphocyte subpopulations with immunoregulatory activity have been described in a number of mammalian species. This study performed a phenotypic analysis of cells expressing regulatory T cell (Treg) markers in the peripheral blood of a cohort of 18 horses aged 6 months to 23 years, using antibodies to both intracellular and cell surface markers, including Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD4, CD8, CD25, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). In peripheral blood, a mean of 2.2 ± 0.2% CD4+ and 0.5 ± 0.1% CD8+ lymphocytes expressed FOXP3. The mean percentage of CD4+FOXP3+ cells was found to be significantly decreased in horses 15 years and older (1.5%) as compared to horses 6 years and younger (2.7%), but did not differ between females and males and ponies and horses. Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by pokeweed mitogen resulted in induction of CD25 and FOXP3 expression by CD4+ cells, with peak expression noted after 48 and 72 h in culture respectively. Activated CD4+FOXP3+ cells expressed IFNγ (35% of FOXP3+ cells) or IL-10 (9% FOXP3+ cells). Cell sorting was performed to determine FOXP3 expression by CD4(+)CD25(-), CD4(+)CD25(dim) and CD4(+)CD25(high) subpopulations. Immediately following sorting, the percentage of CD4+FOXP3+ cells was higher within the CD4(+)CD25(high) population (22.7-26.3%) compared with the CD4(+)CD25(dim) (17% cells) but was similar within the CD4(+)CD25(dim) and CD4(+)CD25(high) cells after resting in IL-2 (9-14%). Fewer than 2% of cells in the CD4(+)CD25(-) population expressed FOXP3. These results demonstrate heterogeneity in equine lymphocyte subsets that express molecules associated with regulatory T cells. CD4+FOXP3+ cells are likely to represent natural Tregs, with CD4+FOXP3+IL-10+ cells representing either activated natural Tregs or inducible Tregs, and CD4+FOXP3+IFNγ+ cells likely to represent activated Th1 cells.


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