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CartEquine IL-1 beta (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 100 micrograms
Bulk quantities of proteins are available. Please contact us for pricing.
The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.
The biological activity of recombinant equine IL-1β was measured in a cell proliferation assay using the mouse D10S cell line. The ED50 for this effect is typically less than 10 pg/mL.
IL-1β Homology Across Species
Equus asinus (ass) IL-1β – 100%
Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse) IL-1β – 99%
Effects of Orally Administered Resveratrol on TNF, IL-1β, Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Burst Function in Horses: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Martin LM, Johnson PJ, Amorim JR, DeClue AE.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 20;21(4). pii: E1453. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041453.
Applications: Measurement of equine IL-1 beta in cell culture supernatant by ELISA
Abstract
Resveratrol, a phytophenol, is a commonly used equine nutraceutical supplement touted to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The effect of orally administered resveratrol on tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), leukocyte phagocytic activity or oxidative burst function have not been reported in horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a commercially available, orally administered resveratrol product on innate immune functions in healthy adult horses. Whole blood was collected from 12 horses prior to and following 3 weeks of treatment with either the manufacturer's recommended dose of resveratrol or placebo. Phagocytosis, oxidative burst and pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) motif-stimulated leukocyte production of TNF and IL-1β were compared pre- and post-treatment between treatment groups. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity were evaluated via flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were measured using cytotoxicity and ELISA assays, respectively. There were no significant differences in phagocytosis, oxidative burst or stimulated TNF or IL-1β production between resveratrol and placebo treatment groups. Orally administered resveratrol at a routinely recommended dose for a duration of 3 weeks did not significantly affect phagocytic activity, oxidative burst function or PAMP-stimulated leukocyte cytokine production.
Feeding Grass Hay Before Concentrate Mitigates the Effect of Grain-Based Concentrates on Postprandial Plasma Interleukin-1β.
Suagee-Bedore JK, Linden DR, Bennett-Wimbush K, Splan RK.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2020 Mar;86:102899. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102899. Epub 2019 Dec 24.
Applications: Measurement of equine IL-1 beta in plasma by ELISA
Anti-inflammatory effects of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, doramapimod, against bacterial cell wall toxins in equine whole blood.
Bauquier JR, Tennent-Brown BS, Tudor E, Bailey SR.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2020 Feb;220:109994. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109994. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
Applications: Used as a positive control in a bioassay
C2K77 ELISA detects cleavage of type II collagen by cathepsin K in equine articular cartilage.
Noé B, Poole AR, Mort JS, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017 Dec;25(12):2119-2126. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
Applications: Stimulation of equine cartilage explants with equine IL-1 beta in culture
Objectives: Develop a species-specific ELISA for a neo-epitope generated by cathepsin K cleavage of equine type II collagen to: (1) measure cartilage type II collagen degradation by cathepsin K in vitro, (2) identify cytokines that upregulate cathepsin K expression and (3) compare cathepsin K with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) collagenase activity in stimulated cartilage explants and freshly isolated normal and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilages.
Design: A new ELISA (C2K77) was developed and tested by measuring the activity of exogenous cathepsin K on equine articular cartilage explants. The ELISA was then employed to measure endogenous cathepsin K activity in cultured cartilage explants with or without stimulation by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), oncostatin M (OSM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cathepsin K activity in cartilage explants (control and osteoarthritic-OA) and freshly harvested cartilage (control and OA) was compared to that of MMPs employing C2K77 and C1,2C immunoassays.
Results: The addition of Cathepsin K to normal cartilage caused a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the C2K77 epitope release. Whereas the content of C1,2C, that reflects MMP collagenase activity, was increased in media by the addition to cartilage explants of TNF-α and OSM (P < 0.0001) or IL-1β and OSM (P = 0.002), no change was observed in C2K77 which also unchanged in OA cartilages compared to normal.
Conclusions: The ELISA C2K77 measured the activity of cathepsin K in equine cartilage which was unchanged in OA cartilage. Cytokines that upregulate MMP collagenase activity had no effect on endogenous cathepsin K activity, suggesting a different activation mechanism that requires further study.
Increasing platelet concentrations in leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma decrease collagen gene synthesis in tendons.
Boswell SG, Schnabel LV, Mohammed HO, Sundman EA, Minas T, Fortier LA.
Am J Sports Med. 2014 Jan;42(1):42-9. doi: 10.1177/0363546513507566. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Applications: Measurement of equine IL-1 beta in platelet-rich plasma by ELISA
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