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CartBovine IL-1β (IL-1F2) (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 100 micrograms
The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.
Amino Acid Homology Across Species
Bos taurus (cattle) IL-1β – 100%
Bos indicus (zebu) IL-1β – 100%
Bison bison bison (bison) IL-1β – 99%
Bos mutus (wild yak) IL-1β – 99%
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) IL-1β – 99%
Syncerus caffer (African buffalo) IL-1β – 99%
Pantholops hodgsonii (chiru) IL-1β – 96%
Capra hircus (goat) IL-1β – 96%
Cervus elaphus (red deer) IL-1β – 96%
Ovis aries (sheep) IL-1β – 95%
Pseudois nayaur (bharal) IL-1β – 95%
Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep) IL-1β – 95%
Ovis aries (sheep) IL-1β – 95%
Aerosol vaccination with Bacille CalmetteGuerin induces a trained innate immune phenotype in calves.
Guerra-Maupome M, Vang DX, McGill JL.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 22;14(2):e0212751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212751. eCollection 2019.
Applications: Measurement of bovine TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 in culture supernatants by ELISA
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine for use against tuberculosis (TB); however, it is known to reduce childhood mortality from infections other than TB. The unspecific protection induced by BCG vaccination has been associated with the induction of memory-like traits of the innate immune system identified as 'trained' immunity. In humans and mouse models, in vitro and in vivo BCG training leads to enhanced production of monocyte-derived proinflammatory cytokines in response to secondary unrelated bacterial and fungal pathogens. While BCG has been studied extensively for its ability to induce innate training in humans and mouse models, BCG's nonspecific protective effects have not been defined in agricultural species. Here, we show that in vitro BCG training induces a functional change in bovine monocytes, characterized by increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines upon restimulation with the toll-like receptor agonists. Importantly, in vivo, aerosol BCG vaccination in young calves also induced a 'trained' phenotype in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), that lead to a significantly enhanced TLR-induced proinflammatory cytokine response and changes in cellular metabolism compared to PBMCs from unvaccinated control calves. Similar to the long-term training effects of BCG reported in humans, our results suggest that in young calves, the effects of BCG induced innate training can last for at least 3 months in circulating immune populations. Interestingly, however, aerosol BCG vaccination did not 'train' the innate immune response at the mucosal level, as alveolar macrophages from aerosol BCG vaccinated calves did not mount an enhanced inflammatory response to secondary stimulation, compared to cells isolated from control calves. Together, our results suggest that, like mice and humans, the innate immune system of calves can be 'trained'; and that BCG vaccination could be used as an immunomodulatory strategy to reduce disease burden in juvenile food animals before the adaptive immune system has fully matured.
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