Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor, a term now used to describe a larger family of proteins to which IFN-gamma belongs. IFN-gamma, or type II interferon, is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Aberrant IFN-gamma expression is associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The importance of IFN-gamma in the immune system stems in part from its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, but, most important, derives from its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFN-gamma is produced predominantly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops.
Alternate Names - IFNG, IFG, IFI, interferon, gamma, interferon gamma
IFNγ Homology Across Species
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) IFNγ – 100%
Canis lupus dingo (dingo) IFNγ – 100%
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) IFNγ – 100%
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) IFNγ – 100%
Phoca vitulina (harbor seal) IFNγ – 100%
Ailurus fulgens (lesser panda) IFNγ – 96%
More - https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
TNF-α and INF-γ primed canine stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate experimental murine colitis
An JH, Li Q, Bhang DH, Song WJ, Youn HY.
Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 7;10(1):2115. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58909-4.
Applications: Stimulation of stem cells
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by relapsing inflammation and immune activation diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Extracellular vesicles, which elicit similar biological activity to the stem cell themselves, have been used experimentally to treat dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in murine models though immunosuppressive potential. In this study, we investigated whether the Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained by stimulating inflammatory cytokine on canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells (cASC) improved anti-inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive potential of EVs, and/or their ability to alleviate inflammation in colitis. We also explored the correlation between immune cells and the inflammatory repressive effect of primed EVs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ increased immunosuppressive protein such as HGF, TSG-6, PGE2 and TGF-β in EVs. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of EVs was improved through pretreatment with inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, EVs obtained from primed stem cells effectively induced macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and suppressed activated immunity by enhancing regulatory T cells in inflamed colon in mice. Our results provide a new and effective therapy for the EVs obtained from ASC stimulated with TNF-α and IFN-γ against not only IBD, but also immune-mediated disease.
Interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide induce C-type natriuretic peptide from canine aortic endothelial cells.
Osterbur K, Yu DH, Declue AE.
Res Vet Sci. 2012 Nov 8. doi:pii: S0034-5288(12)00305-0. 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.002.
Applications: Stimulation of canine aortic endothelial cells
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