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CartChicken GM-CSF (Yeast-derived Recombinant Protein) - 500 ug (5 x 100 ug vials)
Bulk quantities of proteins are available. Please contact us for bulk pricing.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a protein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli such as LPS, IL-1, and TNF-α by a variety of different cells, including endothelium, fibroblasts, muscle cells, and macrophages, and by activated T cells. GM-CSF is glycosylated in its mature form.
Alternate Names - CSF2, GMCSF, colony stimulating factor 2, CSF
GM-CSF Homology Across Species
Gallus lafayetii (Ceylon junglefowl) GM-CSF – 99%
Gallus sonneratii (gray junglefowl) GM-CSF – 99%
Gallus varius (green junglefowl) GM-CSF – 98%
Pustulan Activates Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and Promotes Ex Vivo CD4+ T Cell Recall Response to Infectious Bronchitis Virus.
Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Lu F, Ghimire S, Han Y, Schrock J, Dhakal S, Patil V, Krakowka S, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 May 15;8(2):E226. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020226.
Applications: IL-4 and GM-CSF were used to generate dendritic cells from chicken bone marrow cells in culture.
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. IBV causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance. Live-attenuated viral vaccines, however, exhibit the potential for reversion to virulence and recombination with virulent field strains. Therefore, alternatives such as subunit vaccines are needed together with the identification of suitable adjuvants, as subunit vaccines are less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines. Several glycan-based adjuvants directly targeting mammalian C-type lectin receptors were assessed in vitro using chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). The β-1-6-glucan, pustulan, induced an up-regulation of MHC class II (MHCII) cell surface expression, potentiated a strong proinflammatory cytokine response, and increased endocytosis in a cation-dependent manner. Ex vivo co-culture of peripheral blood monocytes from IBV-immunised chickens, and BM-DCs pulsed with pustulan-adjuvanted recombinant IBV N protein (rN), induced a strong recall response. Pustulan-adjuvanted rN induced a significantly higher CD4+ blast percentage compared to either rN, pustulan or media. However, the CD8+ and TCRγδ+ blast percentage were significantly lower with pustulan-adjuvanted rN compared to pustulan or media. Thus, pustulan enhanced the efficacy of MHCII antigen presentation, but apparently not the cross-presentation on MHCI. In conclusion, we found an immunopotentiating effect of pustulan in vitro using chicken BM-DCs. Thus, future in vivo studies might show pustulan as a promising glycan-based adjuvant for use in the poultry industry to contain the spread of coronaviridiae as well as of other avian viral pathogens.
Consequences of exposure of embryos produced in vitro in a serum-containing medium to dickkopf-related protein 1 and colony stimulating factor 2 on blastocyst yield, pregnancy rate, and birth weight
Tríbulo, P; Bernal Ballesteros, BH; Ruiz, A; Tríbulo, A; Tríbulo, RJ; Tríbulo, HE; Bo, GA; Hansen, PJ
J Anim Sci. 2017 Oct;95(10):4407-4412. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1927.
Applications: Treatment of embryos produced in vitro
Distinct functional responses to stressors of bone marrow derived dendritic cells from diverse inbred chicken lines.
Van Goor A, Slawinska A, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2016 Oct;63:96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.016. Epub 2016 May 27.
Applications: Generation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells
Interaction of a Live Attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum Vaccine Candidate With Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.
Kamble NM, Jawale CV, Lee JH.
Avian Pathol. 2016;45(2):235-43. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1144919.
Applications: Stimulation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs) with chicken GM-CSF and IL-4 in culture.
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a Gram-negative intracellular host-adapted pathogen that causes fowl typhoid. Attenuated strains of SG are proven and widely used vaccine candidates because of advantages like induction of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs) with an attenuated SG (JOL1355) strain that secretes a heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein previously shown to successfully vaccinate chickens. ChBM-DCs were isolated and cultured in the presence of recombinant chicken GM-CSF and IL-4 cytokines. The chBM-DCs were infected with JOL1355 at an multiplicity of infection of 10. JOL1355 was able to invade dendritic cells (DCs); however, the survival of JOL1355 in DCs decreased over time. At 24 h post infection, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ transcript levels were significantly increased in JOL1355-infected DCs compared to non-stimulated DCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed an increased proportion of cells producing CD40, CD80, and MHC class II in the JOL1355-infected cultures compared to the non-stimulated control. In addition, JOL1355-stimulated chBM-DCs could induce significant expression of IL-2 in co-culture with autologous CD4+ T cells. Based on these results, we conclude that chBM-DCs are capable of internalizing the live attenuated SG vaccine candidate and the infected chBM-DCs show signs of maturation as evidenced by the upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines.
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