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The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α (IL-1F1), IL-1β (IL-1F2), and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.
Amino Acid Homology Across Species
Bos taurus (cattle) IL-1β – 100%
Bos indicus (zebu) IL-1β – 100%
Bison bison bison (bison) IL-1β – 99%
Bos mutus (wild yak) IL-1β – 99%
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) IL-1β – 99%
Syncerus caffer (African buffalo) IL-1β – 99%
Pantholops hodgsonii (chiru) IL-1β – 96%
Capra hircus (goat) IL-1β – 96%
Cervus elaphus (red deer) IL-1β – 96%
Ovis aries (sheep) IL-1β – 95%
Pseudois nayaur (bharal) IL-1β – 95%
Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep) IL-1β – 95%
Ovis aries (sheep) IL-1β – 95%
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